04 operators

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title: Python Operators author: Juma Shafara date: "2023-11" date-modified: "2024-09-16" description: This lesson will give an overview of Python Operators keywords: [Python Operators] body-header: This page was developed by Juma Shafara¶

What are Python Operators¶

Operators are symbols that perform operations on operands. Operands can be variables, strings, numbers, booleans etc

Table of Contents¶

• What are Python Operators
• Arithmetic
• Assignment
• Comparison
• The BMI Example
• Identity
• Logical
• Membership
• Exercise

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Arithmetic¶

Arithemators are symbols that perform mathematical operations on operands

Arithmetic Operator	Description
+	Addition
-	Subraction
/	Division
*	Multiplication
**	Exponentiates
%	Remainder
//	Floor Division

Addition Operator¶

The addition operator returns the sum of its numerical operands

In [ ]:

# Addition
x = 10 
y = 5

summation = x + y
print(summation)

# Addition x = 10 y = 5 summation = x + y print(summation)

15

It can also be used to concatenate or join strings together

In [2]:

first_name = 'Juma '
last_name = 'Shafara'

full_name = first_name + last_name
print(full_name)

first_name = 'Juma ' last_name = 'Shafara' full_name = first_name + last_name print(full_name)

Juma Shafara

Subtraction Operator¶

The subtraction operator returns the difference of its numerical operands

In [ ]:

# Subraction
x = 10 
y = 5

difference = x - y
print(difference)

# Subraction x = 10 y = 5 difference = x - y print(difference)

5

Multiplication Operator¶

The multiplication operator returns the product of its numerical operands

In [3]:

# Multiplication
x = 10 
y = 5

product = x * y
print(product)

# Multiplication x = 10 y = 5 product = x * y print(product)

50

Division Operator¶

The division operator returns the quotient of its numerical operands.

In [ ]:

# Division
x = 10 
y = 5

quotient = x / y
print(quotient)

# Division x = 10 y = 5 quotient = x / y print(quotient)

2.0

Exponentiation Operator¶

The exponentiation operator raises the left operand to the power of the right operand

In [ ]:

# Exponentiation
x = 10 
y = 5

exponent = x ** y
print(exponent)

# Exponentiation x = 10 y = 5 exponent = x ** y print(exponent)

100000

Remainder Operators¶

The remainder operator, also knows as the modulus operator returns the remainder after dividing the left operand by the right operand

In [ ]:

# Remainder
x = 10 
y = 5

remainder = x % y
print(remainder)

# Remainder x = 10 y = 5 remainder = x % y print(remainder)

0

Floor Division Operator¶

The floor division rounds down the quotient of its numerical operands to the nearest whole number.

In [1]:

# Floor Division
x = 10 
y = 5

floor = 10 // 4
print(floor)

# Floor Division x = 10 y = 5 floor = 10 // 4 print(floor)

2

Operator Sequence¶

Operator sequence describes the order of performed operations in an arithmetic expression.

In [4]:

answer = 10 * 3 / 2 + 1
print(answer)

answer = 10 * 3 / 2 + 1 print(answer)

16.0

Assignment¶

Assignment operators are used to assign values to variables.

Name	Operation	Same As
Assignment	x = y	x = y
Addition Ass	x += y	x = x + y
Subtraction Ass	x -= y	x = x - y
Mult Ass	x *= y	x = x * y
Division Ass	x /= y	x = x / y
Expo Ass	x **= y	x = x ** y
Remainder Ass	x %= y	x = x % y
Floor Div Ass	x //= y	x = x // y

Assignment¶

The assignment operator assigns a value to a variable

In [5]:

# Assignment
number = 10
print(number)

# Assignment number = 10 print(number)

10

Addition Assignment¶

The addition assignment operator adds the left and right operands and assigns the sum to the left operand (the variable)

In [ ]:

# Addition Ass
x += 5 # x = x + 5 => x = 10 + 5 => x = 15
print(x)

# Addition Ass x += 5 # x = x + 5 => x = 10 + 5 => x = 15 print(x)

15

Subtraction Assignment¶

The subtraction assignment operators deducts the right operand and assigns the difference to the left operand (the variable)

In [ ]:

# Subraction Ass
x = 10
x -= 5 # x = x - 5 => x = 10 - 5 => x = 5
print(x)

# Subraction Ass x = 10 x -= 5 # x = x - 5 => x = 10 - 5 => x = 5 print(x)

5

Comparison¶

A comparison operator compares its operands and returns a Boolean value based on whether the comparison is True of False

Name	Operation
Equality	==
Inequality	!=
Greater than	>
Less than	<
Greater or equal	>=
Less or equal	<=

Equality¶

The equality operator compares two values and returns True if the operands are equal, otherwise returns False

In [10]:

# Equality 
print('Voila' == 'Viola') # False
print(5 == 5) # True

# Equality print('Voila' == 'Viola') # False print(5 == 5) # True

False
True

Inequality¶

The inequality operator compares two values and returns True if the operands are Not equal, otherwise returns False

In [12]:

# Inequality 
print('Voila' != 'Viola')
print(10 != 10)

# Inequality print('Voila' != 'Viola') print(10 != 10)

True
False

Greater than¶

The greater than operator returns True if the left operand is greater than the right operand, otherwise returns False.

In [13]:

print(8 > 4) # True
print(5 > 10) # False

print(8 > 4) # True print(5 > 10) # False

True
False

Less than¶

The less than operator returns True if the left operand is less than the right operand, otherwise returns False

In [14]:

print(10 < 15) # True
print(20 < 10) # False

print(10 < 15) # True print(20 < 10) # False

True
False

Greater than or equal to¶

The greater than or equal to operator returns True if the left operand is greater than or equal to the right operand, otherwise returns False

In [ ]:

# Greater or Equal
34 >= 43

# Greater or Equal 34 >= 43

Out[ ]:

False

Less than or equal to¶

The less than or equal to operator returns True if the left operand is less than or equal to the right operand, otherwise returns False

In [15]:

print(10 <= 15) # True
print(10 <= 10) # True
print(20 <= 10) # False

print(10 <= 15) # True print(10 <= 10) # True print(20 <= 10) # False

True
True
False

The Body Mass Index Example¶

In this example, we use the operators to calculate the body mass index of a person.

In [ ]:

weight = 56
height = 1.5

bmi = weight / (height**2)

print('BMI: ', bmi)

weight = 56 height = 1.5 bmi = weight / (height**2) print('BMI: ', bmi)

BMI:  24.88888888888889

Identity¶

Identity operators are used to compare two values to determine if they point to the same object

Operator	Name
is	The is operator
is not	The is not operator

The is operator¶

This operator returns True if both operands point to the same object.

In [18]:

# Example 1
x = 5
y = 4

print(x is y)

# Example 1 x = 5 y = 4 print(x is y)

False

In [22]:

# Example 2
x = 5 
y = 4
z = x

print(x is y) # False
print(x is z) # True

# Example 2 x = 5 y = 4 z = x print(x is y) # False print(x is z) # True

False
True

The is not operator¶

This operator return True if both operands do Not point to the same object in memory

In [21]:

# Example
# is
x = 5
y = 4
z = x 

print(x is not y) # True
print(x is not z) # False

# Example # is x = 5 y = 4 z = x print(x is not y) # True print(x is not z) # False

True
False

Logical¶

Logical operators are commonly used with Booleans. In Python, there are 3 logical operators

Operator	Description
and	Logical and operator
or	Logical or
not	Logical not

Logical and¶

The logical and operator returns True if both operands are True

In [ ]:

# Example
# Logical and
x = 4
print(x > 3 and 8 < x)
#               True and False => False

# Example # Logical and x = 4 print(x > 3 and 8 < x) # True and False => False

False

Logical or¶

The logical or operator returns True if one of the operands is True

In [ ]:

# Logical or
y = 7
expression_2 = 10 > y or 4 > y
#                   True or False => True
print(expression_2)

# Logical or y = 7 expression_2 = 10 > y or 4 > y # True or False => True print(expression_2)

True

Logical not¶

The logical not operator returns True if the operand is False, otherwise returns False if the operand is True

In [ ]:

# Logical not
z = 8
expression_3 = not(10 == z)
#               not False => True
print(expression_3)

# Logical not z = 8 expression_3 = not(10 == z) # not False => True print(expression_3)

True

Membership¶

Membership operators are used to check if a sequence is present in an object like a string, list etc

Operator	Name
in	The in operator
not in	The not in operator

The in operator¶

The in operator returns True if a sequence or value is present in an object

In [23]:

# Example
name = 'Tinye Robert'
print('Robert' in name)

# Example name = 'Tinye Robert' print('Robert' in name)

True

The not in operator¶

The not in operator returns True if a sequence or value is NOT present in an object

In [24]:

# Example
name = 'Tinye Robert'
print('Robert' not in name)

# Example name = 'Tinye Robert' print('Robert' not in name)

False

Exercise¶

A car increases it velocity from u ms-1 to v ms-1 within t seconds. Write a program to calculate the acceleration.

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